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Grammar • 10 min

Imperative Mood: Orders, Requests, and Advice

Master the imperative mood in Portuguese, its affirmative and negative forms, uses in different contexts, and regional variations.

By FaleBrasil

The imperative mood is the verbal form we use to express orders, requests, advice, invitations, and instructions. It’s one of the most practical and present moods in our daily communication, from cooking recipes to traffic signs.

What is the Imperative Mood?

The imperative expresses:

  • Orders: Feche a porta! (Close the door!)
  • Requests: Por favor, me ajude (Please help me)
  • Advice: Estude mais para a prova (Study more for the test)
  • Instructions: Misture bem os ingredientes (Mix the ingredients well)
  • Invitations: Venha nos visitar (Come visit us)

Characteristics of the Imperative

Verbal Persons

The imperative only exists for:

  • 2nd person singular (tu): Fala! (Speak!)
  • 3rd person singular (você): Fale! (Speak!)
  • 1st person plural (nós): Falemos! (Let’s speak!)
  • 2nd person plural (vós): Falai! (Speak!)
  • 3rd person plural (vocês): Falem! (Speak!)

There is no imperative for “I” (1st person singular).

Imperative Formation

Affirmative Imperative

PersonOriginExample (falar - to speak)
tuPresent indicative without -sfala
vocêPresent subjunctivefale
nósPresent subjunctivefalemos
vósPresent indicative without -sfalai
vocêsPresent subjunctivefalem

Negative Imperative

All persons come from the present subjunctive:

PersonFormationExample
tunão + subjunctivenão fales
vocênão + subjunctivenão fale
nósnão + subjunctivenão falemos
vósnão + subjunctivenão faleis
vocêsnão + subjunctivenão falem

Complete Conjugation

Regular Verbs

1st Conjugation (-AR): FALAR (to speak)

PersonAffirmativeNegative
tufalanão fales
vocêfalenão fale
nósfalemosnão falemos
vósfalainão faleis
vocêsfalemnão falem

2nd Conjugation (-ER): COMER (to eat)

PersonAffirmativeNegative
tucomenão comas
vocêcomanão coma
nóscomamosnão comamos
vóscomeinão comais
vocêscomamnão comam

3rd Conjugation (-IR): PARTIR (to leave)

PersonAffirmativeNegative
tupartenão partas
vocêpartanão parta
nóspartamosnão partamos
vóspartinão partais
vocêspartamnão partam

Important Irregular Verbs

SER (to be)

PersonAffirmativeNegative
tunão sejas
vocêsejanão seja
nóssejamosnão sejamos
vóssedenão sejais
vocêssejamnão sejam

ESTAR (to be - temporary)

PersonAffirmativeNegative
tuestánão estejas
vocêestejanão esteja
nósestejamosnão estejamos
vósestainão estejais
vocêsestejamnão estejam

TER (to have)

PersonAffirmativeNegative
tutemnão tenhas
vocêtenhanão tenha
nóstenhamosnão tenhamos
vóstendenão tenhais
vocêstenhamnão tenham

Uses of the Imperative

1. Direct Orders

  • Military: “Marche!” (March!)
  • Parents: “Arrume seu quarto!” (Clean your room!)
  • Teacher: “Abram o livro na página 50” (Open your book to page 50)

2. Instructions and Recipes

  • Misture a farinha com o açúcar” (Mix the flour with sugar)
  • Adicione os ovos um a um” (Add the eggs one by one)
  • Asse por 30 minutos” (Bake for 30 minutes)

3. Advice and Recommendations

  • Durma pelo menos 8 horas” (Sleep at least 8 hours)
  • Beba bastante água” (Drink plenty of water)
  • Pratique exercícios regularmente” (Exercise regularly)

4. Polite Requests

With “please” or other courtesy expressions:

  • “Por favor, feche a janela” (Please close the window)
  • Tenha a bondade de esperar” (Be so kind as to wait)
  • Faça o favor de sentar” (Please sit down)

5. Warnings and Signs

  • Não pise na grama” (Don’t step on the grass)
  • Mantenha distância” (Keep distance)
  • Use máscara” (Wear a mask)

Imperative and Pronouns

Position of Clitic Pronouns

Affirmative Imperative

Pronouns come after (enclisis):

  • Diga-me a verdade (Tell me the truth)
  • Faça-o agora (Do it now)
  • Levante-se cedo (Get up early)

Negative Imperative

Pronouns come before (proclisis):

  • Não me diga isso (Don’t tell me that)
  • Não o faça agora (Don’t do it now)
  • Não se levante tarde (Don’t get up late)

Regional Variations

Brazil vs. Portugal

SituationBrazilPortugal
2nd personRarely used (except South)Common use
3rd personPredominantFormal
PronounsProclisis commonEnclisis preferred

Brazilian Regionalisms

Southern Brazil

Maintains the use of “tu” in imperative:

  • “Vem cá!” (Come here!)
  • “Fala comigo!” (Talk to me!)

Other Regions

Prefer “você”:

  • “Venha cá!” (Come here!)
  • “Fale comigo!” (Talk to me!)

Alternative Forms to the Imperative

1. Present Indicative

Softer than direct imperative:

  • “Você me faz um favor?” (Will you do me a favor?) instead of “Faça-me um favor!” (Do me a favor!)

2. Infinitive

Common in general instructions:

  • “Não fumar” (No smoking)
  • “Manter a porta fechada” (Keep door closed)

3. Gerund

In informal situations:

  • “Vai indo que eu já vou” (Keep going, I’ll catch up)
  • “Vai fazendo enquanto eu termino” (Keep doing it while I finish)

4. Future Present

For more formal orders:

  • “Não matarás” (Thou shalt not kill - Commandments)
  • “Respeitarás teus pais” (Honor thy parents)

Common Errors

1. Mixing Treatments

❌ “Fala, você!” (Speak, you! - mixing tu and você forms) ✅ “Fale você!” or “Fala tu!” (Speak! - consistent forms)

2. Incorrect Negative Imperative

❌ “Não fala isso!” (Don’t speak that! - wrong form) ✅ “Não fale isso!” (você) or “Não fales isso!” (tu)

3. Incorrect Pronoun Position

❌ “Não levanta-te tarde” (Don’t get up late - wrong position) ✅ “Não te levantes tarde” (Don’t get up late - correct)

Fixed Expressions with Imperative

Greetings and Farewells

  • “Passe bem!” (Take care!)
  • “Fique com Deus!” (God be with you!)
  • “Vá com Deus!” (Go with God!)
  • “Tenha um bom dia!” (Have a good day!)

Encouragement Expressions

  • “Vamos lá!” (Let’s go!)
  • “Força!” (Strength!)
  • “Coragem!” (Courage!)
  • “Avante!” (Forward!)

Idiomatic Expressions

  • “Imagine só!” (Just imagine!)
  • “Veja bem!” (Look here!)
  • “Pense comigo!” (Think with me!)
  • “Olha só!” (Look at that!)

The Imperative in Digital Communication

Social Media

  • “Curta e compartilhe!” (Like and share!)
  • “Siga nosso perfil!” (Follow our profile!)
  • “Ative as notificações!” (Turn on notifications!)

E-commerce

  • “Compre agora!” (Buy now!)
  • “Aproveite a promoção!” (Take advantage of the sale!)
  • “Adicione ao carrinho!” (Add to cart!)

Apps

  • “Clique aqui” (Click here)
  • “Arraste para cima” (Swipe up)
  • “Toque para continuar” (Tap to continue)

Cultural Aspects

Politeness and Hierarchy

The use of imperative reflects social relations:

  • Superiors → Subordinates: Direct imperative
  • Among equals: Softened with “please”
  • Subordinates → Superiors: Avoided, preferring indirect requests

Cultural Differences

  • Brazil: Tendency to soften orders
  • Portugal: More direct imperative socially accepted
  • African countries: Variations according to local influence

Practice Exercises

Complete with the Correct Imperative

  1. (You formal/to study) ___ more for the test!
  2. Don’t (you informal/to forget) ___ the appointment!
  3. (We/to begin) ___ the meeting!
  4. Please, (you plural/to wait) ___ a moment!

Answers

  1. Estude (Study)
  2. esqueças (forget)
  3. Comecemos (Let’s begin)
  4. esperem (wait)

Practical Applications

In the Professional Environment

  1. Emails: Use sparingly
  2. Meetings: Soften with courtesy expressions
  3. Instructions: Prefer impersonal infinitive

In Education

  1. Classroom: Balance authority and respect
  2. Teaching materials: Use for clear instructions
  3. Feedback: Combine with encouragement

Conclusion

The imperative mood is essential for effective communication in Portuguese. Mastering it goes beyond grammar: it involves understanding cultural nuances, formality levels, and appropriate contexts. Whether giving instructions, making requests, or offering advice, the imperative allows us to interact directly and clearly, always respecting the social and regional conventions of our rich Portuguese language.